History & Cultural Origins
The Lantern Festival (元宵节) took shape in the Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE). One well-known origin is Emperor Wu's night-long lantern rites for the deity Taiyi; another is Daoist observance of Tianguan (the Heavenly Official), whose birthday falls on the first full moon. By the Tang Dynasty it was a nationwide festival of light; lantern riddles became popular later, in the Song Dynasty.